The Deadly Side of Power - 779 Words

The Deadly Side of Power Power, have you ever thought about it? A word so simple in nature yet the possessor of it has the ability to alter the world. As human beings we are constantly affected by it one way or another. Whether it be through being controlled by it, desiring it, or containing it we cannot discredit the essentiality and presence of it in our world. Constantly throughout every day of our lives we face an aspect of power in one way or another however the most prevalent and relatable example we face is the control of the government. The Power of the government is and essential factor in ensuring the operation and success of a country. Without such a system to control and regulate society we would be lost. The problem however is if the government instead chooses to abuse there given power it can result in deadly implications for the citizens of the country. In the famous novel Animal Farm the author George Orwell explores the concept of a government consumed by power and the deadly implications it has on society through the perspective of Animals. Through the usage of the characters of Napoleons and his savage abuse of power as well as The Pigs and there changing of the commandments of the farm to suit their own needs Animal farm shows us that power may seem harmless, but eventually it consumes the user. Ultimately this Results in the Corruption of the Novels power head characters. At the start of the Novel the character of Napoleon seems devoted to improving theShow MoreRelatedReducing Police Shootings: A Look at Albuquerque Police Department Shootings974 Words   |  4 Pagescities in similar size and population? The fallout shows the sides of two groups of people who believe they are in the right. The activists against police involved shootings believe that the officers of Albuquerque react to situations with deadly force too often and necessitate changes. The supporters of the police force believe that the shootings are higher in Albuquerque because suspects in the area give police more reason to use deadly force, however, APD agreed to ratify its amended policies toRead MoreMy Opinion On The Defense Team837 Words   |  4 Pagesdefined as when deadly force comes into play and apparent that danger is arising. This could happen when a bomb device is activated. There are two ways as said person can activate the bomb. One is, if said person is in proximi ty of the bomb and activates the device by giving their live for whatever reason. Second is, by said person makes a mechanism of some sort to trigger the bomb. Therefore no longer being needed exactly on site. Discuss the legal considerations for the use of deadly force. AccordingRead MoreWorld War I: Military Revolutions and the Onset of a New Era828 Words   |  3 Pagesconvergence of Military Revolutions contribute to the costly and indecisive character of World War I? World War One: Military Revolutions and the Onset of a New Era World War I was the beginning of the idea of industrial war, involving the productive power of entire nations, and despite massive casualties and cost, neither alliance could achieve decisive operational or strategic victory. The onset of the industrial revolution in the 19th century, as well as the increasing stakes of the colonial contestRead MoreAmerican Cynisism After World War One867 Words   |  3 Pagesdestructive. So they decided that isolationism was the answer to stopping such a destructive war like this to ever happen again. World War I was the second most destructive war of the 20th century. It lasted from 1914 to 1918. This war was fought with deadly weaponry such as poisonous gas bombs, machine guns, and other weaponry that was never used before. A lot of countries were involved in this war such as the British, Americans, Germany and so on. Also a lot of literature and books about the World WarRead MoreJustice Scali Hernandez V. Mesa1021 Words   |  5 PagesJuarez, Mexico. Hernandez and the other boys were taking turns running up the culvert pipe to touch the fence on the United States’ side. Border Patrol Agent Jesus Mesa arrived on the scene and detained one of Hernandez’s friends at the U.S. border. Hernandez fled to the Mexican side of the river and hid behind a pillar of a nearby bride. Mesa, while standing on the U.S side of the border, shot and killed Sergio Hernandez. Six months after Hernandez’s death, Mesa was sued in Texas’ federal districtRead MoreNo Fracking in California820 Words   |  3 Pagesand risk factors to fracking which can harm the Earth’s environment. Fracking is a deadly, dangerous, and risky process of extracting natural gases from California’s ground affecting those who are around it. Fracking contaminates the water (rivers, lakes, bays,) and pollutes the air. â€Å"Extracting natural gases, toxic chemicals must be pumped into the shale at a high pressure.† (Dr Scott Elias). The negative side here is that in order to get the natural gases California needs, highly toxic chemicalsRead MoreA Brief Note On The World War I1623 Words   |  7 Pagesas the Central Powers. The event that triggered the war the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo on 28th June 1914(https://kidskonnect.com/history/ww1-start/).This set off a chain of events that would result in World War One starting.Italy had been allied with Germany but broke away from them and secretly joined the alliance with the allies.The Central powers were a loosely allied group of nations who were not always allied with certain members.The Central powers main reason to startRead MoreRion Amalcar Scotts The Etiquette Of Police Brutality1389 Words   |  6 Pagesdecisions they make often lead to controversy. Two sides are then created. On one side, there are people that believe police are bullies that do as they wish; the other side believes officers act as they see fit and do the best they can to keep the public out of harms way. â€Å"The Etiquette of Police Brutality† by Rion Amalcar Scott represents the first view and David G. Bolgiano’s â€Å"Understanding the Ethical , Legal, and Tactical Realities of Deadly Force Encounters† represents the latter. However bothRead MoreEssay about The Life and Accomplishments of William Edwards Deming1524 Words   |  7 Pagesthe progress that he had made in Japan. After this he signed major contracts with major corporations like General Motors, Ford, and Florida Light Power. He was known for his 14 Points, System of Profound Knowledge, and Seven Deadly Diseases. Deming lived a long and successful life. His life ended when he was 93 years old with his family by his side. William Edwards Deming was known to most as one of the Great Quality Pioneers. He was born in Sioux City, Iowa in the 1900s. DuringRead MoreEssay on The Story of Doctor Faustus1606 Words   |  7 Pageswould make Doctor Faustus a Dr. Faustesse. I would make an attempt to portray the main character Faustus, as a women, Faustesse, in an attempt to update the concerns for which the play represents. By having a female character fall to the devil to gain power over society it symbolizes and signifies the constant struggle of women, even in today’s society, to get past the very patriarchal dominated social structures and institutions and inequalities. That Dr. Faustesse is an educated women also represents

Child Abuse and Neglect Essay - 802 Words

â€Å"Child Abuse† nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Child abuse is a very serious and controversial issue that is escalating in today’s society. As we look back to the 1940’s and 1950’s, it was almost unheard of to let anyone outside of your immediate family know anything about your personal life. Every family was thought to be, or shown to the general public to be, the â€Å"perfect family†. Some schools had the authority to punish a child by either spanking them with a paddle†¦show more content†¦In the year 2000, three million referrals came into the Child Protective Services agencies in the United States to research the chance of child abuse (Bureau 1). Constantly beating a child can cause immediate memory loss and/or brain damage. In some cases, severe emotional damages may not surface until a child reaches adolescence. An adult that has been abused may have difficulty establishing healthy intimate relationships and may be at a higher risk for depression, substance abuse, anxiety, flashbacks, and nightmares. We can look at the recent event that is shocking the nation. As I looked at the late breaking news on the of Madelyne Gorman Toogood who was video taped after repeatedly slapping, and punching her daughter Martha as she placed her into her car seat. I felt sick to my stomach. I remember the words as I watched the interview on Mrs. Toogood. She stated, â€Å"Martha was just being Martha, she was pulling the barbies off the shelves and hiding from me. Martha didn’t deserve what she got, I just lost my temper† (Taped Beating 1). It is a scary thought that someone could bring himself or herself to beat a child in this manner. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;I would encourage you to think about the following question. If the roles were reversed, would the abuser find it acceptable to be beaten upon? Parents who are committing these crimes need to think of that tiny, innocent child in the mother’s womb, soShow MoreRelatedChild Abuse and Neglect1653 Words   |  7 Pages Child Abuse and Neglect Child abuse, or child maltreatment, is an act by a parent or caretaker that results in or allows the child to be subjected to death, physical injury, sexual assault, or emotional harm. Emotional abuse, neglect, physical abuse, and sexual abuse are all different forms of child abuse. Child abuse is more than bruises and broken bones. While physical abuse might be the most visible, other types of abuse, such as emotional abuse and neglect, also leave deep, lastingRead MoreChild Abuse And Neglect704 Words   |  3 Pagesexperience this feeling, not just for a second, but throughout their childhood. Neglect is child abuse, as well as physical abuse, sexual abuse, and emotional abuse. Child abuse is awful because it causes the child to feel worthless, to lose trust, and to have serious psychological problems early on in life. Neglect is the most common form of child abuse. The parent or caregiver fails to provide basic needs for the child. Neglected children are constantly being told that they are worthless orRead MoreChild Neglect : Neglect As A Form Of Child Abuse2216 Words   |  9 PagesChild Abuse: Neglect Has The Community Done Enough To Reduce Cases Of Neglect As A Form Of Child Abuse? Thesis statement: most scholars and practitioners have elaborated adverse impacts of child abuse, especially child neglect, but the research focuses on the positive side of the discourse; it concentrates on the community contribution and the steps that have helped to reduce and stop the act in many nations. The term child abuse got used in a very broad array of situation that it has become hardRead MoreChild Abuse and Neglect2475 Words   |  10 Pages This paper will discuss child abuse and neglect and the lasting effects left on a child. The main types of abuse and neglect explained are emotional abuse, psychological abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse, medical neglect, educational neglect, emotional neglect, and physical neglect. Included are some warning signs of these different types of abuse and neglect and the legal definitions of each. It is important to understand that all of these forms of abuse and neglect are different and containRead MoreChild Abuse And Neglect1612 Words   |  7 PagesAbuse occurs when one person mistreats or misuses other people, showing no care for their health or acknowledging them as a human being. People who abuse others manage to manipulate their victims into submission or make them comply at their will. Children who are abused are more likely to h ave mental health problems than children who are abused. More than likely, the children who are abused tend to struggle academically, but does abuse really hinder a child’s academic career? And if so, what kindRead MoreChild Abuse and Neglect922 Words   |  4 PagesASSIGNMENT 1: SOCIAL ISSUE- CHILD ABUSE AND NEGLECT KIM CARTER SOCIOLOGY PROFESSOR PATRICIA HENNINGTON JANRUARY 29, 2012 Child abuse and neglect The issue of child abuse and neglect is serious, controversial, and is escalating in today’s society. Many people are not aware, but child abuse is rampant in our society. Many child abuse and neglect cases go unreported because a person may not know the signs and symptoms of child abuse and neglect or perhaps the person or person may feel that thisRead MoreChild Abuse and Neglect1678 Words   |  7 Pagestopic of child abuse is one of the hardest topics to write about. It is imperative to have a profound understanding of this topic and its consequences specially when working in the field of human services. Professionally and personally, I have encountered situations where child abuse is present. This reality has touched my life in many ways and these experiences continue shaping me as a human being and as social service provider. I will try to cover in this paper the subject of child abuse, its definitionsRead MoreChild Abuse And Neglect Of A Child817 Words   |  4 PagesC hild Abuse and Neglect The meaning of child abuse is the mistreatment of a child in the form of injury, sexual abuse, neglect or exploitation. The signs of possible child abuse include, but are not limited to sudden behavior change, untreated medical issues, difficulties in school, lack of adult attention, the child makes excuses to stay away from home. Parents can also show signs such as showing little interest in the child, blaming the child for the child’s problems. The parent could ask theRead More Child Abuse and Neglect814 Words   |  4 Pages Child Abuse Child abuse and neglect is frightfully high. As a country this is unacceptable. We need to come up with better ways to fight this â€Å"disease† before we destroy our children, our future. An estimated 903,000 children across the country were victims of abuse or neglect in 2001, according to national data released by the Department of Health and Human Services. The statistics indicate that about 12.4 out of every 1,000 children were victims of abuse or neglect, a rate comparable to the previousRead More Child Abuse and Neglect1102 Words   |  5 Pageswhat effects abuse can have on a child? The effects abuse can have on a child is very serious. Children can obtain serious problems from child abuse. They can develop social problems, depression, and anxiety. There are four types of abuse: physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, and neglect. Physical abuse can injure a child severely. Domestic Violence is a worldwide problem and affects the health and well-being of those open to it. Children that are exposed to physical abuse are at risk

Internet Security Breaches Free Essays

string(74) " bases and financial documents pose a threat to the company’s security\." The world has been undergoing persistent transformation which some have been attributed to the changing developments in science and technology. In particular, information and communication technology is one of the most celebrated developments. Indeed, information technology has changed the lives of people across the globe. We will write a custom essay sample on Internet Security Breaches or any similar topic only for you Order Now Information technology has reduced the world to a global village through fostering advanced communicationforms. However, with the advancements in information technology, especially the internet, insecurity issues have emerged. Insecurity issues have, in turn, sparked far reaching implications to the users. The most rampant security breaches that have been evidenced within the last six months include cyber bullying, network intrusion, cyber fraud, virus launching and data breaches. Cyber Fraud Cyber fraud can be defined as the use of software or internet services to defraud victims or taking advantage of them. This includes stealing information that is considered personal, in what constitutes identity theft. One of the most common forms of internet fraud entails distributing rogue security software. Internet technology has created the allowance for criminals to carry out fraudulent transactions, as well as transmit the proceeds of the frauds to other institutions. Cyber frauds occur in message boards, websites, emails and even chat rooms (Messner, 2012). Purchase fraud is an example of cyber fraud and occurs when a perpetrator proposes a business transaction to a merchant, only to use fraudulent mechanisms, such as a fake or stolen credit card, to pay for it. The eventuality is that the merchant does not receive the payment and may even be charged back for accepting credit cards. Another example of fraud is whereby theperpetrators post information about goods that they intend to sell. Interested buyers are asked to make payments for the purchase and delivery of the goods. However, it later turns out that the goods were non-existent and they had only been conned. The third example of cyber fraud is phishing, which is the act of masquerading as a person that can be trusted, such as bank agents or consultants, to acquire information that is sensitive, such as details of credit cards and passwords, among other details that victims may be convinced to share. Subsequently, the information offered is used for fraudulent transactions. It is argued that cyber frauds makeheadlines each day. In October 2012, Barners Noble Inc. made announcements that several PIN keypads had been hacked in as many as its 63 outlets, leaking the card information and PIN numbers of its customers. Easy Solution is one of the companies with evolving techniques of curbing cyber frauds. The company claims to be the only one that is well placed to curb various forms of electronic fraud, clouds and premises. The company has introduced an updated version of the Detect Monitoring Services, which entails timely fraud protection, enhanced monitoring capabilities and enhanced fraud protection. Detect Monitoring Service software effectively monitors the behaviors and patterns associated with phishing scams. Thus, it stops the threats before they cause damage. The software comprises of a relatively simple interface that can effectively function for all forms of clouds and even premises. It is argued that of over 800, 000 phishing attacks, the service enabled the company to detect as many as 76% on timely basis, exhibiting 3.6 hours of average deactivation time. Online transactions services have been particularly affected by cyber frauds. More often than not, customers often get cautious when asked to give personal information. Online transaction service providers have only resorted to instilling confidence in the customers as a way of encouraging them. This entails displaying policies, security badges and trust certificates, as well as the contact information. Online retailers should highlight security around the websites’ secured areas to assure customers that their confidential information is safe. This should be done, regardless of whether some browsers have security indicators built in them. Some online retailing companies, such as Amazon, display this through the use of the sign-in button. Others opt to use padlock symbols that are located in the sign-in areas. This is advisable, even when it is not needed by the customers. Online retailing companies are advised to give alternative contact options. Indeed, some companies are offering customer care support by using call backs, e-mails, and chats to enable users report suspicious activities. Data breaches Data breaches includeall those cyber activities characterized by unauthorized access, use and disclosure of individuals’ or organization information over or from the internet. Malicious attacks are considered to constitute the most expensive data breach, yet they are increasing. Malicious attacks account for as significant as 40% of the data breaches where negligence account for about 32% (In Defense of Data, 2013)Computer software companies, healthcare records and companies have been the most targeted and have accounted for as significant as 93% of the global data breaches (In Defense of Data, 2013). Network security is a necessity for every company. A company’s network cannot be said to be effective if it consists of security lapses. Threats to company’s network can be considered as a subject of various activities. However, former employees who leave the company due to downsizing can be considered as a significant threat. Other activities such as a daily courier dropping packages at the company’s premises, employees travelling on company business to other cities, or building management company installing a fire extinguisher system in company’s premises are not a serious threat. It can be argued that individuals with the potential of hacking, sabotaging and damaging systems are those with familiarity to nature and form of network system. Therefore, an employee that left the company has the capability of hacking the company’s network since they are familiar about the loopholes in the company’s network system. What increases the possibility of hacking is,if the employees left the company due to retrenchment, the attempts of network hacking could be fueled by the whims of revenge. It is argued that all former employees that worked in the company, accessing sensitive data bases and financial documents pose a threat to the company’s security. You read "Internet Security Breaches" in category "Papers" The fact that information technology does not respond to the altering of access points act as a fueling factor. Therefore, a person with information about the company’s network system has the potential of causing more harm than a hacker. According to the 2005 CERT survey, a significant number of former employees are increasingly utilizing the opportunity. The survey indicates that about 59% of the security intrusion is done by former company’s contractors;48% of those involved in hacking had been sacked;38% had left the company due to downsizing while 7% had been retrenched. The survey also notes that former IT professionals are particularly a significant threat to data security(Hazelden Foundation, 2012). Data breaches caused by negligence could be resolved by addressing the factors associated with negligence. On the other hand, data breaches caused by malicious software could be prevented by using appropriate network intrusion, detection techniques and anti-spyware software. Technological mechanisms would include updating and altering passwords for security purposes. Network intrusion/ Hacking Network intrusion or hacking refers to the unauthorized entry into a network, often characterized by malicious ambition of intercepting information from the network or website. The information can be used for other criminal activities such as fraud or espionage. Telvent Company hacking is considered as one of the recent hacking events that occurred in September 2012. The company has learned that its firewall and security systems have been compromised by the attackers who installed malicious software that enabled them steal project files. Telvent, a company whose services and software are applied in monitoring energy industry reported that it has been hacked which affected its operation in United States, Spain and Canada. The incident was blamed on Chinese hacking groups opposed to Western interests (Thiel, 2012). Lately, US officials have blamed Russia and China for staging intrusion attacks against United States for espionage, economic gains and other selfish motives. In November 2012, Leon Panetta, the US Secretary of Defense, had warned that United States was about to experience a cyber-attack comparable to Pearl Harbor, blaming hacking incidents that had been linked to the Middle East and United States Oil producers (Messner, 2012). The technological intervention to network intrusion is the development of Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs). IDSs refer to application of device or software that aims at monitoring either networks or activities of systems against activities that are either malicious or that violate policies in place. Types of IDSs include Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDSs) and Hot-based Intrusion Detection System (HIDS). Network Intrusion Detection System is considered as one of the most popular approaches. Network Intrusion Detection System refers to a system that is designed to detect activities that are considered malicious such as service denial attacks, port scans, as well as cracking into computers via Network Security Monitoring. NID senses the packets coming through the network and scans them in order to identify patterns that are suspected to be malicious. Such patterns can be referred to as rules or signatures. Not only NIDSis limited to scanning of the network traffic that comes into the system but, one can also find a lot of important information concerning network intrusion from both local traffic and outgoing networks. More so, through NIDS, it is possible to stage attacks from the inside the network under monitoring and even a segment of the network. In this regard, such attacks are not in any way considered as incoming traffic. Usually, other various systems are incorporated to function with NIDS. The other network systems could, for instance, deal with updating the blacklists of firewalls using IP address of the computers under the use of real or suspected network crackers. NIDS consist of documentation (DISA) that utilizes ‘NID’ as a terminology with a target of distinguishing IDS that are internal from external. Just like any other IDS, NIDS comprises sensors and management console as its essential components. While management console deals with management and reporting, sensors deal with monitoring of networks. NIDS senses network intrusions through examination of network traffic. The system has the capability of monitoring multiple hosts. Usually, the access to the network traffic is gained through connection to a hub of networks, port-mirroring configured networks or even through the network taps. The NIDS sensors are situated at checkpoints of networks under monitoring. This are more often than not located in demilitarized areas or at the boarders of the network so as to increase effectiveness. All the network traffic is captured by the sensors before each of the packets’ contents are eventually analyzed for malicious network traffic. There are various examples of NIDS such as commercial products (such as ISS Realsecure, NFR Network Intrusion Detection System, Sourcefire and Computer Associates e Trust IDS) and freeware products (such as Ethereal, Snort and Tcpdump). Snort is the most common of all. NIDS should be considered as the most appropriate for organization securitybecause it ensures the greatest impact on the security of the network, takes shorter time to deploy compared to HIDS, yet it is relatively cheaper. Additionally, as long as it is placed on the outside of firewall or demilitarized zones to ensure for effectiveness, NIDS is capable of monitoring all forms of internet traffic and relays immediate feedback on the nature of network security. NIDS is very important to the general internet security. But particularly concerning the network security, NIDS is farther important to organizations in the following ways: first, NIDS has the capability of detecting attacks that HIDS cannot, for instance, fort scan and denial-of-service. Second, NIDS quickly detects and alerts on incidents of intrusion to avert maximum damage. This is particularly suited t o the demilitarized zones, considering the fact that internet providers usually situated at the zones are major computer attack targets. Third, NIDS is capable of reporting successful as well as unsuccessful attacks which is particularly essential as it offers a chance to better understand the network and hence, a key to network security enhancement. Fourth, NIDS equips organizations with knowledge regarding the environment of their network. Fifth, but for application of NIDS, it is difficult to identify network hacking. Lastly, NIDS is very important for organizations’ forensic evidence tool (Thiel, 2007). In this regard, it is not easy to tamper with the evidence unless the aggressors interfered with IDS. Launching worms Launching worms is a cybercrime that involves development of worms, also referred to as viruses, then releasing them on the internet domains. The worms slow down the internet connectivity or infect computers to stop them from functioning effectively. In 2000, FBI suspected incidents of cybercrimes being committed by the Russian citizens namely Alexey Ivanov and VasiliyGorshkov. It sought to track the suspected cyber criminals, luring them to come to United States with a ruse of a job promise (Quinlan, 2012). Activities of concocting worms and launching them on the internet are illegal in some parts of the world. As such, a person found to engage in cybercrime activities that spreads worms is likely to be prosecuted in various courts of countries affected by the worms. In some cases, the prosecution can be consecutive. However, in practice, few countries are in the position of claiming jurisdictions partly because some assume other countries would have incurred serious damages to consider it a priority to prosecute. These reflect how tricky dealing with cybercrimes across the borders is. Certain actions that are done on the internet may be legal in countries where they are initiated, but illegal in other countries that have access to the internet content. There are various recent incidents that entail virus launching. In October 2012, reports were made that FBI was to shut down a DNS as a way of containing viruses. Users were required to check their computers for virus and clean them before they could be allowed to access. These steps had been taken following the launching of the internet infestation by the DNS changer virus. The virus had cost the world billions of dollars (Quinlan, 2012). There are various technological approaches to worm problems. The most common approach is through installing anti-virus software. The antivirus software could be installed remotely on the computers, creating the allowance for all the information that streams in to be scanned for viruses. Malicious files and viruses are either blocked or repaired. Anti-virus could also be installed on the internet to scan the information that is sent over it. Websites, such as Google, are now offering such services. There are various antivirus software products on the market, including Avira, Norton and Kaspersky, which are effective in detecting and blocking malware (Nnap, 2011). Cyber bullying Cyber bullying has been cited as one of the areas that constitute internet security breaches. It entails transferring of abusesor information aimed at intimidating other people. Cyber bullying has turned out as the newest platform for which the people, especially the youth, are increasingly abusing each other. The more concerning issue is that there are currently no new appropriate techniques that intervene for cyber bullying despite the large numbers of children who have access to information and technologies. Internet and cell phone communications have been cited as tools of cyber bullying. Even more intriguing is that cyber bullying occurs during class time. Various incidents of cyber bullying have been witnessed recently. One of the cases that conspicuously featured on news headlines was of Alexis Henkel, a high school student. Henkel was charged with posting a number of anonymous and threatening messages on the internet account of one of her former classmates, who she accused of engaging in a flirt with his boyfriend (HazeldenFoundation, 2012). It has been argued that cyber bullying is particularly rampant because most cases are not reported. The most appropriate technological approach to addressing cyber bullying entails the application of safety tools, which facilitates content monitoring, as well as blocking. Indeed, various social sites now offer safety tools that enable users and administrators to report and block forms of communication that amount to bullying. These go hand-in-hand with the approach of instilling of ethical morals among the users, as well as enlightening the society on online safety, including ways of using online safety tools. Category of internet security Breaches Information leakageIntegrity ViolationDenial of ServiceIllegitimate use Data breaches; information stored in a website is accessed and released without authorityCyber bullying; entails sending abuses and information that undermines the integrity of other people Worm Launching; worms or viruses block internet access, denying the victims access to the internet. Additionally, some worms infect computers, making them malfunction. This also denies the victims access to computer services1. Internet intrusion and Hacking Hacking enables the perpetrators to access websites and use services illegitimately. 2. Cyber fraud Cyber fraud constitutes the motives of illegitimate use of internet resources How to cite Internet Security Breaches, Papers

Marks and Spencer corporate free essay sample

Aims are the long term goals that are planned by the company to be achieved within a period of time and objectives are the steps or guidelines that help with the achievement of the aims. Marks and Spencer Marks and Spencer is a major British retailer that specify in the selling of clothing, home products and luxury food. Marks and Spencer is a public limited company because they sell shares to the public. The main aim of marks and Spencer is to maximize profit and become the worlds most sustainable major retailer by 2015. Some objectives that they have set are to: Develop new brand identities Become an international and a multi-channel retailer Maintain and attract customers To train more people to have the experience in retailing business. How the Stakeholders Influence the Aims and Objectives of Marks and Spencer Stakeholders are a group of people or a person that is affected by the activities of the organization. Marks and Spencer has various stakeholders such as those stated in the introduction and I will explain how they influence the purpose. CUSTOMERS: A customer is a person who buys goods or services from a company. Due to the fact that they do the purchasing of products and services from Marks and Spencer, they make sure whether the reduces they are purchasing are of good quality and they have affordable prices. It is through their purchasing that Marks and Spencer gain their profits. There are ways marks and Spencer use to know and understand concerns of customers. Market research avails the company to get a conception of the requests or wants of the customers such as surveys, questionnaires and others. When a customer visits Marks and Spencer online, there is a page for survey where the customer is asked a couple of questions with a multiple cull answer. If the customers decide to stop buying the product the company will be at loss. In order to retain and maintain the customers, Marks and Spencer has given 50% discount on all prices for a period of time. The customers have a great impact on the aims of Marks and Spencer. Customers also want good customer service. In spite Of the fact that they know what they want and purchase them; they want to be treated politely. EMPLOYEES: Employees are classified as the valued assets in a company. Without their efficiency or skills, Marks and Spencer would not be successful. If they provide good customer services, it is possible for the company to maintain and attract more customers. The employees are interested in good salary or wage and a stable job. If Marks and Spencer understand and takes the employees opinion in to consideration, the efficiency and the productivity of the employees will be high and it can take a good influence on their aim. To evade the employees from going on strike, Marks and Spencer do their best to maintain them. Marks and Spencer compare their salaries to other retailing company and they ascertain they are competitive. They additionally reward the employees according to the work they have consummated. They give 20% discount to all employees and their elites also. This persuades the employee to work harder and maintain them. GOVERNMENT: They create policies or tax strategy governing business. They are interested in the amount of tax Marks and Spencer pay. Recently, Marks and Spencer won its Meme ($53) European Union court case for their right to reduce the foreign losses from its British tax bill. The government is not only interested in the tax. They also show interest in job employment. They want to be sure whether they provide enough jobs for people to be employed and the welfare of the employees is well taken of. Not only do they ass tax laws, they also make laws concerning groceries and the right to the consumers. SHAREHOLDERS: Shareholders are also part of the ownership of marks and Spencer. They have made investment in the company and they have a big impact on the profits and the revenue of the Marks and Spencer. If Marks and Spencer continue to make losses, the shareholders can decide to sell their shares or maintain it. This is because when the profit is high, their dividend also increases. Now that they have gain Million, their dividend will also surge. They are also interested in the growth or performance of Marks and Spencer. It the company performs well, they can predict how much the company can achieve. Last year, the dividend amount per share was 6. Pence but this year it has increased to 10. Pence. This shows the increase in the profit of the company. SUPPLIERS: They provide the stock the company needs. They expect Marks and Spencer to rely on them in terms of distribution of goods. They make sure they provide good or quality product to avoid losing trust from the company. In order to keep the trust, the suppliers check whether the goods are in good condition before they are being supplied. They also have influence on the aims and objectives. SOFAS Sofas is a charity organization that is availing to make poverty history. That is they are helping people who are in need with elementary things in life like water, victuals, medicines and others. They commenced their work about 70 years ago. Sofas is now serving people who have been affected by war, disease and other situations. They seek to make poor people live a better life and help children peregrinate to school. Sofas is an international charity but they are making a global impact. CUSTOMER: A customer is person who purchases goods and services of a company. They give funds to support the activities of the charity and they also buy from the charity. They donate in a form of clothes, food and money. Without their support, the charity will be in a difficult situation. Because of the donations, the charity can supply goods to the other countries. Sofas has a shop that sells books, music, clothes and other stuff and when items are bought from shop, part of the profit gain goes into donation. VOLUNTEERS: People have volunteered to work with Sofas whiles others have been employed as working staff. The volunteers have different activities: They educate people on how to protect their selves from diseases. They help provide the supplies to people that need them. They attract more people to volunteer. Because they want work for the compassion and to be experienced, the charity provides training for them and the charity also saves a lot of money instead of paying them. Their work helps the charity to get more funds from people and it has a good impact on Sofas. Sofas has over three thousand volunteers around the world that has been trained to develop incipient skills and that is the concerns Of most volunteers. EMPLOYEES: The working staff of Sofas has different activities contrary to the volunteers activities. Although Sofas is nonprofit organization, they pay their employees.

Video Games And Aggression Essays - Violence In Video Games

Video Games And Aggression As technology continues to forge ahead concerns about its effects on the populace are raised. Whether it be microwave ovens causing cancer or cell phones causing accidents, people are always interested in researching, and often condemning, these new products. Such is this case with videogames. Ever since Pong? swept the nation, scholars have been researching videogames effects on children. The most popular aspect of videogame research is whether or not games increase aggression. A video game is any console or PC based interactive game, aggression is any thoughts or behaviors related with the intention to cause harm. Contrary to popular belief, there is no reliable correlation between videogames and aggression. Claims are the backbone to a study; they are both the starting point and the goal. Cooper and Mackie (1986) sought to discover if a highly violent game would affect 4th and 5th grade kids differently than a nonviolent game or a paper-and-pencil game. Tamborini et all (2000) predicted that aggressive thoughts and behaviors would be highest amongst those playing a violent virtual reality game followed by those playing a violent standard game, followed by those playing a nonviolent standard game. Derek (1995) was interested in what effect, if any, playing violent games would have on aggressiveness in different personality types. Ballard and Weist (1996) researched whether the level of violence in a game would affect peoples responses on a hostility questionnaire. Sherry (2000) performed a meta-analysis on 25 video game/aggression studies; he wanted to see if there was any credence to the claims. All five studies are very similar in their intent. They mostly focus on whether the level of immersion (via different hardware, violent content, and/or graphics) affects the level of aggression. To understand a study one must understand the definitions used within that study. All five studies use the same general definition of a videogame that the general public uses; an interactive game played on a television or monitor whereby onscreen objects can be manipulated through the use of a controller. Violent video games are those that involve death and destruction to things resembling reality and/or fantasy. Definitions of aggression, however, differ. Cooper and Mackie (1986) used a childs toy selection and distribution of reward/punishment as an indicator of aggression. Tamborini et all (2000) consider aggression to be hostile thoughts. Derek (1995) defines aggression as a mindset that includes seven subcategories (the Buss-Durkee Inventory): assault, irritability, indirect hostility, negativism, resentment, suspicion, and verbal hostility. Ballard and Weist (1996) use the word hostility instead of aggression. In this case it refers to thoughts of defensiveness, dominance, aggr ession, self-confidence, nurturance, and autonomy. Sherry (2000) just says, and some form of aggressiveness as the dependant variable. The Cooper and Mackie study and the Sherry study are the only two that incorporate behavior in their definition of aggressiveness. All of the others deal only with thoughts, but are quite similar in their intent. The real make-or-break portion of research is the method in which you seek and categorize the data. Cooper and Mackie (1986) took 84 4th and 5th graders from New Jersey. They had equal numbers of boys and girls separated into three groups. One group played the violent game Missile Commander (a cheesy game where you shoot lasers at little dots representing bombs falling on a city), another played Pac Man (which we all know and love), and the control group solved mazes with pencil and paper. After 8 minutes of game play the kids were told to select a toy to play with while the researcher did some work (the researcher was actually observing how long the child play with each toy. They could select a Shogun warrior (a violent toy), Nerf basketball (an active toy), Lincoln Logs (a quiet game), or pop-up pinball (a skill game). Which toy the child selected acted as an indicator of mindset. After the play session the children were told to hold down a button to indicate the length of a time a child should be punished for various acts of insubordination. They were then told to hold down a button for the length of time a child should be rewarded for various good deeds. Tamborini et all (2000) enlisted 92 MSU

Causes of Unemployment in Cambodia Essays

Causes of Unemployment in Cambodia Essays Causes of Unemployment in Cambodia Essay Causes of Unemployment in Cambodia Essay Name : SOK PANHA Class : A606 Sex : Male Home Works (Essay writing) -roptc: MY FAVORITE PLACE 0Brainstorms 0 Beautiful 0 Attractive 0 Good environment, natural air 0 Many visitors and tourists 0 Famous 0 Khmers heritage 0 Quality of stone 0 An old age 0 Have to many tourism 0 Natural air, and good environment 0 Mixed of nation visited there 0 Locate in Siem Reap province, Cambodia 0 Have good design 0 Meaning on the walls 0 The best place of Cambodia 0 The best well-known in the world Scores 0 Essay outline Introduction A. Hook: I am not a good visitor B. Connecting information: I used to visit anywhere on only my vocation C. Thesis: I have only one place that I favorite in Body A. My favorite place is very interesting, and everyone are interested. 0 Attractive 0 Too many tourism 0 Many student around the world have been studying about it. B. Angkor Wat is one 0T tne Dest wonaerTul temple In tne world Cambodia U It Is one 0T tne oldest temple In 0 The best design (beautiful, good looking, and long life) 0 The statues seem still alive C. The Angkor Wat is the best place in Cambodia o Its the heart of Cambodians people It make income from many factors Conclusion A. Restate my favorite place B. The next Khmers generation should be take care our temple from now on and forever more My Favorite Place I am not a good visitor, yet Im very busy with my study that I have to study two major at the same time in full of the day. I can anywhere on only my vocation. Before I decide to go any places, I have to think about it very clearly. All of my previous vocation I had visited a several places, but I have only one place that I favorite in, and it is the best place of my visiting. My favorite place is very interesting one, and everyone are very interested it. There are too many tourism had and wanted visited there. From day to day, there have many student around the world who have been studying about it. Since I grew up I have never see the place that its really attractive like this. Angkor Wat temple is one of the best wonderful temple in the world. It is one of the oldest temple among the temple in Cambodia. This temple is located in Siem Reap province, Kingdom of Cambodia. The Angkor Wat temple is an interesting one for me. It is so beautiful, looking good and long life. Not only, on the walls around it, there are the best design of our Khmers ancient in the last thousand years. When we look at the statues that stand for protect it, its seem still alive. Behind the picture on the walls is the Khmer empires story in that time. Im really favorite it. Angkor Wat temple is the best place in Cambodia. All Cambodians people think that it is the heart of our country. If we talk about income of this temple, there were about one billion dollars of each years. All these income are come from many factor especially the international tourist and national tourism also, include the other service such as, from the airport income, hotel, and restaurant, etc. The people who live around there can make their own business, sells some product, to be a tour guide or any services, to get the money from the visitors. In conclusion, my favorite place is Angkor Wat temple, which is the best well-known, and the best design of Khmer empire. I like this place so much, and I hope that the next generation will be take care this temple from now on and forever more.

Write a one page business memo follow the gathering data assignment Essay

Write a one page business memo follow the gathering data assignment introduction - Essay Example I also chose to count trucks and cars in the afternoon on the same day because this would help in maintaining consistency in the data. This would also help in comparing the morning flow of traffic with that of afternoon on the same days. I chose to collect data between 11.10 and 11.15 in the morning and between 14.50 and 14.55 in the afternoon. I chose these times randomly to ensure that my data was unbiased within one day. I did this by writing the morning and evening times on papers; I then mixed the pieces and picked them indiscriminately. The benefit of analyzing data from different times separately is that it enables the marketing firm to determine the best period to conduct marketing campaigns in a day. However, this approach has a limitation of consuming more time than when the data is analyzed by combining the different time periods. This means that combining data saves time, but it fails in that it does not inform the marketer about the variation of traffic at different times in a

Learning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Learning - Essay Example Learning experiences present themselves to people in everyday activities through the things they engage in. We encounter different situations in the course of our daily chores helping us learn without our realization. Once one reflects on the occurrences in his/her past life, one can be able to analyze the learning experiences in his life, and appreciate those moments. Throughout the academic semester, for example, I have been able to learn numerous things which have enriched my life immensely. Though some occurred subconsciously, others were instigated by the class assignments I undertook. The English class has offered me numerous opportunities to improve my life through the learning experience. The exchange of materials written by myself and others has profoundly enhanced my perspective of sharing. Sharing can be used as a way of analyzing oneself to find the strengths and weaknesses that exist. Finding the weaknesses in oneself can be an extremely difficult task to achieve. Throug h the criticism, and comments of other people on can be able to analyze himself or herself in a very objective manner. Objectivity in analyzing oneself reduces the probability of becoming paranoid. Critical analysis of oneself can make an individual substantially appreciate the positive and negative comments made by others concerning ones personality or activity. Throughout the semester, I have been exchanging my articles with other students so that they can present to me their views on the articles. The criticisms I received from my colleagues have been essential in developing my writing ability. New ideas have come to my attention through the reviews offered by friends concerning my writing. I have also been able to offer my reviews of others’ style of writing. Through reading their articles, I have been able to get their line of thoughts. This has helped develop my own ability to generate ideas presented in articles I normally write. While interviewing one of my friends ca lled Gideon Park, I came across an intriguing issue which he raised. He believed that structures for essays limited the ideas and creativity for a writer. He believed that the writer at high school level should not be limited to the structure of essay, they should be allowed to write about the topic issued without being restricted by the structures. The issues raised by my friend helped open up my mind. I realized that the issues should be addressed comprehensively to achieve improved creativity of writers. The creativity of writers should be utilized by allowing them to write in their own style. This can also create new writing styles in the English comprehension. Development of the English language can be immensely enhanced by the liberalization of writing styles. Through this discussion, I learnt that, at the university level, this restriction to essay structures was minimal (Tomasello, pg 16). Professors showed more liberalization in the marking of English assignments they issue d than teachers in high schools. Writers were allowed to follow a style of their own liking as long as they handled the topic comprehensively. Professors mark the quality of writing and not the structure as it was the case in high schools. I have been able to interact with people from different places in the world and learn their ways of life. I have realized that the American culture does not only comprise of American. The culture can be termed as a global one since there are extremely many people living in America who are not natives in the country. The effects of increased immigration and emigration have caused people to interact and share cultures. I have been able to learn that the outcome of these interactions has been the phenomenon described as globalization (Bhagwati, pg 156). The effects

Week 2 - Journal - Reflections on Education Policy Coursework

Week 2 - Journal - Reflections on Education Policy - Coursework Example Such observations arise from the high cost of education coupled with the pressure arising from their poor backgrounds. President George Bush’s administration introduced the No Child Left Behind Act in 2001. The act remains the most recent and effective policy that seeks to address the problem by increasing funding to the education sector thereby supporting K-12 schooling in the country (Meier & Wood, 2004). The policy has made basic education affordable thus encouraging millions of American children from poor backgrounds to learn and develop careers. Following the formulation and implementation of the policy, the number of students has increased in numerous schools throughout the country. Prior to reading this week’s reading assignment, I believed the poverty was a major contributor to the rising cases of school dropouts. The week’s assignment proved my thoughts and showed that the government appreciated such social impediments to education thereby formulating and implementing laws that sought to provide every individual of a school going age with an opportunity to attend school and acquire appropriate grades capable of improving the quality of their

Political And Social Changes And Russian Revolution History Essay

Political And Social Changes And Russian Revolution History Essay Russia is a country with a great history. Back to the past, Russia existed under the Tsars since the 1533 when the country was dominated by the figure of Ivan the Terrible till the subversion of the Nicolas II on the time of Revolution in 1917. By the 1917 the bond between the Tsar and majority of Russian people had been broken. It was the second largest contiguous empire the world has ever seen. The underlying causes of the Russian Revolution 1917 are rooted deep in Russians history. During the 19th century and early 20th century various movements aimed at overthrowing the oppressive government that were staged at different times by students, workers, the members of the nobility and peasants. Two of these unsuccessful movements were the 1825 revolt against Nicolas I and the Revolution on 1905, both of which were attempts to establish a constitutional monarchy. Nicolas II (1894-1917) marked the final struggle of the Romanov autocracy to keep itself in power, despite the mounting pressure for reform from the liberal intelligentsia, the urban middle classes, blue-collar workers, and peasants. The basic dilemma of the regime stemmed from the fact that two main goals were incompatible: the creation of a modern, industrial society while retaining the autocracy. Also, Russians badly organized and unsuccessful involvement in World War I (1914-1918) added popular discontent with the governments corruption and inefficiency. In 1917 these events resulted in the fall of the czarist government and the establishment of the Bolshevik Party, a radical offshoot of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party as the ruling power. It is interesting to look at this particular case study as Revolution broke up the basis of the Russian history of the governing the state and brought mass of changes to the society and politics. It has toppled the Tsar and led to a Bolshevik regime played a decisive role in shaping world history in the twentieth century. The Russian Revolution of 1917, at once compact and comprehensive, puts the events of that fateful year into historical perspective. Revolution gave rise to the Soviet States, the era of the Stalin and the dawning of glasnost. This is a history without compromise, sometimes agonising in its cruelty and hardship, sometimes heroic and courageous in its battle against fate, but above all it is the story of a nation in the making; a nation we live with today. Questions which are particular interesting in this case are political and cultural context in which Revolution occurred. Also, questions how this kind of revolution was organised and did they had leaders of the movement and who they were, are central in this case study. In addition, it is specifically important to look at the outcomes of the Revolution. According to the Theda Skocpol States and Social Revolutions: A Comparative Analysis of France, Russia, and China (1979) the preconditions of all three revolutions were similar but their outcomes were different. An overview of the historical, political and cultural context in which the movement/revolution occurred/is occurring, with a reflection on how this context shaped the movement/revolution you are looking at. Revolutions are the locomotive of history. Karl Marx. During the centuries theory of revolution had been developed especially since the new type of revolution, communist revolution. The theory of Russian Revolution was Marxs materialist conception of history. Marx was interested in the way why revolutions occur and describe it as the economic and state collapse brought by the incapacity of the productive system to develop further and to meet demands of the working class.  [1]  In relation to Marx theory, Hobsbawm (1986) expressed revolution in the context of the historical transformation of the states. Also, Skocpol (Rentier State, 1982: 265) defines the social revolutions as rapid, basic transformation of a countrys state and class structures, and of its dominant ideology. Entire waves of the social movements arise from broad historical development. The relationship between autocracy and backwardness stood at the heart of Russian historical development in the 19th century. For the centuries, autocratic ruled the country and majority of Russian population lived under severe economic and social conditions. The reign of Nicolas I (1825- 1855) was based firmly on the principles of autocracy. First revolt against Tsar derives from a group of military officials in 14th December 1825.  [2]  Decembrist aimed to replace autocracy with a democratic political and social order by means of the coup detat. Another unsuccessful revolt of social and political disagreement was in 1905. Fist Revolution in 1905-1907 was cause by the aggravated of internal conditions of the state as a result of the unsuccessful war against Japan which also, activated left wing in the state. Complex disagreements arose between the population as a result of the capitalism development, a nd its immaturity. 9th January, Bloody Sunday- massive demonstration of the working class gathered to present a petition for reform to the Winter Palace. The guards opened fire and hundreds man and women were killed. Such an event become known and in every lands end become strikes. In 17th of October in 1905 came Manifesto with new rights for the Russian people, which invoke constitutional illusion and brought cleavage to the Revolution. Also, Revolution wave become less after the suppression of the Decembrists revolt. Trotsky once called Revolution 1905 as a dress rehearsal for 1917.  [3]   The direct cause of the February Revolution of 1917 was the collapse of the czarist regime under the gigantic tension of World War I (1914-1918). In comparison with France and China revolution, which occurred during the formal peach, Russian Revolution developed under direct result of defeat war. After the Japanese war Russian army thoroughly reorganised, had more artillery and excellent spirit. However, in the end of the 1916 Russian fatal statistics of the death people ruined the morale of the army, more than four million people were killed and around one a huff soldiers were in presentment  [4]  . The army was ripe for revolution. In addition, the countrys economy began to display alarming signs of weakness, which made it unable for the Russia to maintain the war effort against powerful, industrialized Germany. Inflation, slow at first, soon gained momentum, and ricers soared. Russian industry was not able to supply to arm, equip, and supply the some 15 million men who were sent into the war as well as the civilians. The misery of the working people was intensified by a growing shortage of food and the railroad network was inadequate. Moreover, mobilizations disrupted industrial and agricultural production. Quite often in the trenches the soldiers went hungry and lacke d equipments or munitions, sometimes even weapons. In comparing with any army in the previous war Russian casualties were greater. Behind the front, goods became scarce, prices skyrocketed, and by 1917 famine threatened even in the larger cities. Discontent became rife; also, it was attributed by many of the supposed treachery of Empress Alexandra and her circle, in which Grigory Yefimovich Rasputin- peasant monk had the dominant influence.  [5]  At the time when the Duma, protested against the inefficient conduct of the war and the arbitrary policies of the imperial government, the Czar-Emperor Nicholas II-and his ministers simply ignored it. The Collapse of the Romanov autocracy in March 1917 was one of the most spontaneous, leaderless, anonymous revolution of all timeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ã‚  [6]   Back to the Sckocpol theory and main argument that the revolutions are not made, they come are emphasized in communist revolution. It includes all classical conditions of the social revolution such as: first of all is that the military competition is defeat, secondly inability to compete economically within an unevenly developing capitalist world economy also, inability to carry out reforms against the interests of strong landed upper class and in addition widespread peasant revolt without any control of it. All of these conditions of the state lead to the revolution. An examination of how the movement is/was organised, and of any practical and/or ethical implications of this. Mobilization is a process of increasing the readiness to act collectively. (William A. Gamson, The Strategy of Social protest) The absence of a constitution or clear conventions created conditions in which supporters and critics of absolutism claimed to offer the correct interpretation of the powers of the monarchy.  [7]  Peter first laid the foundation of the Imperial Russia with great response for the figures of the tsar. During the eighteenth century politics was on low level, it was poorly defined judicial, executive and administrative functions, and it resulted to the weak level of coordination and large reliance on the role of personality. Russian people believed that an inherently selfish power was typical of absolute monarchies with protected only the interests of the elite. During the nineteenth century overall efficiency of the government were improved by the vertically organised ministers as it become more modern and specialized. After the first revolution the tsars prerogatives were wide- ranging and remained powerful, that no bill could become a law without his signature. After the establishment of the Duma and couple reforms created political problems to the tsarist regime and many people start to believe that it was first step of the path travelled by the countries of the West. However, they do not have any opportunity to initiate the legislation. Even half of the Duma members were chosen by the tsar personally and State Council itself remained very sensitive to the tsar. By the mid to late nineteenth century increased the professionalism of bureaucratic seams to represent threat to the tsars regime through systematisation of the business and control of the flow of the information, let alone its specialized knowledge of areas. Such social changes began to have an increasingly powerful impact of the government. Also, the dynasty of Romanov become directly tied because Peter I established Russia as a great European Power. Educated elite began to show signs of dissatisfaction with the autocratic system of government. Even in the early eighteenth Decemb rists were claiming that Russian should adapt European economical models. In comparing with Bourbon France revolution similarities is clear visible with Romanov dynasty, as there was no turning back that aristocracy, took pride in the belongings to the great state. The problems of Domestic Challenges, itself was that society itself was not rich or modern enough. So, people were needed social-economical reforms such as the abolition of reform, inculcation of legal principles and industrialisation. According to the Machiavellis warning rule: if the necessity for reform comes in trouble times, you are too late for harsh measure; and mild ones will not help you, for they will considered as forces from you, and not one will be under any obligation to you from them.  [8]   After the February revolution in 1917 the government was quickly dispersed and autocracy collapsed. Two new bodies exercised political power, New Provisional Government and the Petrograd Soviet of Workers and Soldiers Deputies. Immediately deputies appointed a commission to cope with the problems of food supply for the people. However, railroad system, could not handle the simultaneous demands of the food supply for the cities and in the same time supply the fronts and addition to prove raw materials of the industries. On the first of March was accepted Order No 1 which stated that those soldiers and sailors who did not conflict with Soviet were to be elected for committees that would exercise exclusive control over all weapons.  [9]  Addition problem arise that the Russian financial situation by 1917 was bankrupt and Western Allies were willing to provide financial support for the Russia with condition to remain at war. In the same time revolt occurred in the cities and at the f ront, Provisional Government could not respond to the basic needs of the ordinary people. The question was not who should govern, it was rather whether national order could be re-established at all because Provisional Government could not make any fundamental changes. Population become more and more disgruntled with the Provisional Government. Peasants wanted mostly to be left alone to govern their own affairs, breakdown the discipline in the army and the spread of workers. People start to calling for peace, bread, land, and all power to the soviet. As a result on March 6 the Petrograd Soviet split with the Provisional Government of the question of war or peace. But also question was that only soviet could solve the problems of the workers and peasant and it were decisively molded by the Bolshevik propaganda following the April third the arrival in the Petrograd of Lenin. Lenin quickly becomes successful in his leadership and propaganda of the Bolshevik party and requirement of people itself. In addition, another famous revolutionary Leon Trotsky- a Commissar for War agreed with the Lenins policy and joined the Bolshevik Party. Also, credibility to the Bolshevik propaganda added by the Kerensky on June 16 when he orders an offensive that ended in a complete defeat and the virtual disorganization of the army. Discipline of the army broke down and millions of soldiers escape further fighting and try to take part in the division of the land. In the July was adopted a resolution for the abolition of the Duma forced by the Petrograd of Soviets. Also, congress of Soviets organized a demonstration of about 400,000. The resignation of the Kadet ministers lead to the 500,000 workers and sailors demonstration to denounced the government. The Bolshevik party put itself a head of the movement for the peace keeping. However, July demonstration shaped a wave of political reaction of the people. In addition Lenin was denounced as a paid agent of the Germany; Trotsky and others were arrested. Kerensky government did not prevail any economical condition of the country and as a result Bolshevik party start to grow up. At tha t time Kornilov decided to establish a military dictatorship in Petrograd but his army was dissolved before he reached the capital and he was arrested. And the Bolshevik party become to secure a majority in the Petrograd Soviet. Second important revolution occurred in October 10 after the Lenins policy for the opening for the second Congress of the Soviets. Later on October 24 to 25 under the direction of Trotsky soldiers, sailors, and armed workers stormed the Winter Palace, headquarters of the Provisional Government. Also in armed insurrection were involved tens of thousands of men and women. On the afternoon of 25 Trotsky announced the end of the Provisional Government. The second Congress of Soviets began its deliberation and as a result majority of the Menshevik and Socialist Revolutionaries delegates withdrew from the congress. Was made a lot of ratification of the land principles, national property become under the protection of local land committees and soviets. Second Congress of the Soviets also affirmed the rights of all citizens to cultivate land by their own. However, right from the start the Bolsheviks faced political opposition from the other socialist parties to their attempt to rule alone. O n March 3 in 1918 the New Government under the Bolshevik control signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk what ended Russians involvement in World War 1. But under the treaty that Russian should give up the territory of Ukraine, Finland, Poland and Baltic States. The Opposition to the Bolshevik Party erupted into civil war that lasted from 1918 until the late 1920. The strict control of the country was taken by the Lenin and the Russian Communist Party. Sailors revolt and workers strikes were quickly crushed. Lenin Established New Economic Policy to strengthen the country which actually has been drained by seven years of turmoil and economic decline. As a result of Revolutions in December on 30, 1992 was established the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and ethnic territories of the former Russian Empire. A critical analysis of the ways in which the revolutionary/social movement framed/is framing the issues of contention. The transformation of social issues into collective action frames does not occur by itself. It is a process in which social actors, media and members of a society jointly interpret, define and redefine states of affairs. Sidney Tarrow. Successful revolt strategy is based on values and goals of the collective action. Values motivate people and shape the components of action. From another hand, collective action can be interpreted as the emergence of trends; of the formation and consolidation of new values systems. That can be presented as social justice, human right and environmental preservation. According to the Ingleharts suggestion it is based on two assumptions and he defined it as the scarcity hypothesis hierarchy of the needs. In relation to the Russia revolution movement people needs were very basic. On the February 24 people were claiming for peace: Down with the war and Down with autocracy. In relation to the French revolution, it produced the first systematic attempts to reshape political culture around new forms of dress, holidays, public works, salutations and monuments.  [10]  As the revolution spread, so did its symbols. Central symbol of the February revolution become Square of the Uprising, demonstrated huge open space an ideal arena for a political meeting, and for the theatre of the Revolution.  [11]  Perhaps more important was a symbolic challenge: statue of Alexander III as a symbol of autocracy. On 26 of February number of workers was killed when the workers and soldiers came face to face. On the February 27 the revolution triumphed and regime of the Petrograd garrison went over to the people. More than 150,000 united workers and soldiers joined the revolution and took control of the city: as a result of revolt were nearly 1500 victims.  [12]  As Kniss (1996) notes, the interpretive elasticity varies among different type of symbols. The red flag become an emblem of the peoples struggle, embodying their anger and ideals, people were even ready to die for that symbol.  [13]  From the theoretical work of Erving Goffman (1974) has proved that symbolic aspects of collective action are v ery influential. Symbolic production enables us to attribute to events and behaviours of collective action. Gamson (1992) defined three central components to motivate collective actions: injustice, agency and identity frames. In October Revolution Vladimir Lenin used slogans as Peace, Land, Bread and famous one All power to the Soviets. The Great October revolution was more about the destroying rather than renew. Comparing with the French revolutionary festivals, the iconoclasm of the February Revolution obeyed the law of the purge. Russia revolutionary felt itself to be in one camp against the enemy. People wore red arm bands or tied red ribbons in their buttonholes to show their support for the revolutionaries. Even some of the cafà © displayed the following advertisement: Fellow-Citizens! In honour of the great days of freedom, I bid you all welcome. Come inside, and eat and drink to your hearts content.  [14]   The empirical evidence of actions demonstrates that people with post- material values are supporting new form of collective actions.  [15]  The Petrograd workers had long traditions of activism and memories of 1905 Revolution. Accept all theoretical implications of the culture and Action as cognitive proxies social movement activity largely consists of practices more directly linked to the symbolic production.  [16]  Also, in the self-organisation of the revolutionary crowd were very important flags and songs. The Menshevik A.E. Diubua recalled that a crowd of several hundred workers moved down Nevsky singing songs and carrying red flag.  [17]   To the parasites, to the dogs, to the rich! Yes and to the evil vampire- Tsar! Kill and destroy them the villainous swine! Light up the dawn of a new and better life! Another important aspect of Revolution symbolic is the changing of public and personal names. The new names reflected general symbols of emancipation. For examples old names of the Empress Catherine become called Free Russia. Cultural Environment are usually conceptualized as norms and values of the population. Rochon (1998) he suggested that cultural change and movements role in that change.  [18]  He ties social groupings as communities for new value perspectives. He tries to understand a balance of values, as a deep feature of culture that serves to integrate social life. Rochon argued that value are widely and deeply held and because of that culture changes is a contentious struggle. In addition, Marxist ideology to suggest that environmental urban crisis could be read as an outcome of the spread of mechanism of capitalist exploitation from the factory and the labour market to its surrounding community. The Leninist party can also be considered proof of Marxisms cultural domination model. According to the Lumley (1990) theory models of counter culture and political proposals such as that of the environmental lists, which has little in common with representation of a class nature, were accorded lit tle space in the development of the movements although they were also present. A critical analysis of the action forms used by the actors involved. We will either find a way or make one. Hannibal Social movement are best understood as clusters of contentious interactive performances of protest events.  [19]  Central to this is movement tactics such as strikes, riots, and violent incidents. According to the Tarrow (1998) he categorised form of protest as: violence, disruption and convention. Violence is the easiest kind of collective action that function of the interaction between movement tactics and policing. It can be used as a transforms the relations between challengers and authorities. Moreover, it is the major power in movement. However, in February revolution for the first point was not any violence. It can impress people and it also could limit the formation of movement because of restrains and frightens off sympathizers. Disruption is the archtypical expression of challenging groups.  [20]  People become scared of disruption no more than a threat of violence. They performance demonstrate their identity and reinforce their solidarity. Revolutionaries were trying to keep authority off balance and keep the public interest with possible opportunities of better life. The demonstration became the major means of the though which workers build and express solidarity. The spread of demonstration rapidly become known with it symbols. However, in repressive state as Russia demonstration regards as potential riots which actually mean it will lead to the savage repression as it was in 1905- Bloody Sunday. Back to the February revolution it was more likely to gain public approval. People start to act. In St Petersburg nearly every industrial enterprise had been shut down, people start to join the strikes. Moreover, Tarrow (1993) suggested that the increases in the rate and variety of form of collective action bring about increases in the number of organizations and other mobilization structures engaged in collective action. As an example the range of tactics used use in the US 1982 was reasonably for winning broad public support.  [21]  Back to the Russia Revolution it increased the capacity to disrupt routines. In addition, strength of revolution was the size of the movement. The civil right movement is always ability to mobilize large number of participant. According to the culture reasons majority of the people shared same believes and values. The revolution was made spontaneously without any leadership. But such king of movement could not be acted by own, it should be organised by strong leader. Even Provisional Government could not demand the society need and was withdrawn by the Bolshevik party leaded by Lenin. According to the Protest Tactics of Goodwin and Jasper (2007) tactics means doing what you can with what you have. Trotskys in the Revolution 1917 played important role in building up the Red Army, and without him the revolution would have been crushed. He was one of who agreed the Lenins ideology and entered party. Lenin himself, used the moment and launched his antiwar attack on the Government. He gets support from the masses and quickly revived their influence. A reflection on means and ends in relation to your case study, and on any ethical issues arising from its practices and/or its aims. We cannot think first and act afterwards. From the moment of birth we are immersed in action and can only fitfully guide it by taking thought. ALFRED NORTH WHITEHEAD Interesting question arising in relation to the ends and means, does the particular ends of the revolution justify the particular means of it? The man of action views the issues of means and ends in pragmatic and strategic terms. The fist points at the beginning arising about the possibility of various forms of actions. But the means and ends must coherence; immoral means cannot bring about moral ends. However, no one can predict any reliability how any collective action would interfere and response to injustice, oppression and violence. For the Russian population it was already impossible to find way of surviving. Rather than find method of struggle people choose to fight. But the means represent the ideal in the making; in the long run of history destructive means cannot bring about constructive ends.  [22]  Second point which Gandhi suggested is nonviolence: it contends that ones aim must never be to inflict injury upon the opponent. However, he also says that he did not mentioned truth in relation to the nonviolence as a World-force because simply truth cannot be expressed excepting by nonviolence. For a long time period people become tired of struggling and poverty. Gandhi mentioned that it is a goal and it is beautiful to have a method of struggle and it can be powerful social force. According to the Russia famous poetry Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev: Russia cannot be understood with the mind alone, No ordinary yardstick can span her greatness: She stands alone, unique In Russia, one can only believe. But people start to feel hate and anger, they become tired to believe. After the Bloody Sunday people were more than ready for the changes. Gandhi puts love of the first place of non violence and avoids external physical violence. But love stuff is next stepped to the anger and vice versa. At the point when person is exhausted he could have different range of emotions from crying to laughing. Even so, people would be willing to use nonviolence strategy, if there were possible circumstance. But violence strategy is more successful in the current conflict.  [23]  Moreover, against nonviolence strategy of love stuff difficult to understand if the person acting as not as human being, which king of acts should taken? I would say that at the moment when person using violence against person who acting as not human being, he losing his soul as well. According to the Martin Luther King If you are hit you must not hit back; you must rise to the heights of being able to accept blows without retaliating. That what he called suffering as a powerful social forceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ man does not know how to handle it. A consideration of the actual or potential outcomes of the movement/revolution you have looked at. There are many debates about the exact time of the end of Revolution. The end of the Revolution came at the moment when the Communist party start to control most of the future USSR territory. The biggest outcome of the movement was the dramatic social changes in the in the Russian. Russian empire of capitalism, monarchy and church was replaced by the theoretically classes society equal comrades. The initial statement was that no one went hungry, and everyone could enjoy life through hard work. Also, significant outcome of the social revolution was development of large-scale modern enterprises and national economical development.  [24]  In addition, Russia Revolution led to the eventual emergency of Joseph Stalin and Cold War with the United States.  [25]   Nothing would happen without the initial support of the mass of Russian population. In relation to the social studies it is not the easy to identify particular movement actions as the cause of a specific outcome.  [26]  According to the Paul Burstein argue in the re

The Iliad of Homer :: essays research papers

The Iliad Outline &explain the qualities of a â€Å"Homeric Hero†. Who best fits the bill? Why?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Homeric hero strives to be the best among his peers. His goal is to achieve the greatest glory in order to earn the highest honor from his peers, his commander, and finally from his warrior society. He strives for excellence in particular areas of human behavior, such behaviors are strength, skill, and determination. These are necessary on the both the athletic and battlefields, it is known as the idea of arete.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Homeric hero judges his own arete by what his warrior society thinks of him. How well the Homeric hero will be remembered and honored is determined upon how well he fights, how his heroic adversity is, and how well he faces death. He feels that society’s attitude towards him is more important than is own attitude. He chooses to act in a way that will make him acquire public approval that he needs in order to have self- esteem.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The greatest insult to a Homeric hero is to with hold the honor that he has earned. He is completely shattered when honor is denied him. The honor that he would not have received would be from a battle, not receiving an appropriate impressive prize, or being judged a loser in a competition he should have won. The highest and most honored prize is called the prize of honor. In the Iliad this prize is the most attractive, intelligent, and skilled female captive. The most absolute honor is everlasting fame. It is the only for of immortality that a mortal can acquire. This places the Homeric hero lower than the gods, but higher than the ordinary man.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Achilles, Hector, Agamemnon, and Patroclus are considered Homeric heroes. Achilles acted childish when he did not receive the appropriate prize. He said, â€Å"you threaten to take away my prize of honor, which I earned and which the Greeks gave to me. Whenever I sack a town, my prize is never as great as yours, even though I am the greatest Greek fighter. Even so, my small prize is my own. So now I will return to my homeland. I refuse to stay here, dishonored, in order to win greater wealth for you!† He is upset that he did not receive a great prize as Agamemnon did. Achilles had worked so hard to earn a prize and Agamemnon had taken the credit for it and gotten the better

How Far Was World War One Responsible for the Overthrow of Nicholas II, 1917 Essay

The First World War was indeed a major cause of the Tsar’s overthrow in the February Revolution. However, it was not the sole factor – rather, it was a catalyst and a focus that allowed all the other preexisting factors to boil over into revolution. The First World War caused a multitude of problems for the peasants of Russia, both at home and on the front. The vast majority of conscripts were from farming villages, meaning that less men were at home to till the soil and produce food – it also meant a general slump in food production as a whole, resulting in a shortage of grain to feed the hungry industrial workers in the cities. As the death toll of the backwards, ill-equipped Russian Army was devastatingly high, this meant that virtually everyone in Russia would lose someone they knew, regardless of social status. The lack of reliable supplies of food and basic commodities such as coal (most of it was going to the front) further crippled the economy, especially during the harsh Russian winter. This caused riots and protests to break out, ones that the once-Royalist troops were now unwilling to curb. Economic problems aside, the Tsar also made several extremely misguided decisions that further damaged his reign. While he intended to use the Great War to secure his status as Father of the People, Nicholas failed utterly in two respects. Firstly, he left directly to command the front – this meant that all the blame for every military defeat fell on his shoulders and not some scapegoat commander. He would no longer be able to divert the illwill of the people should defeats occur, and they did indeed. Secondly, he left the Tsarina in charge of running the Empire while he was away, and this was a disasterous choice on many levels. Tsarina Alexandra was a German-born princess, which naturally aroused severe animosity on the part of the people who were actually fighting the Germans. Even worse, she listened to Rasputin in everything, sacking many loyal ministers and replacing them with his incompetent cronies. This threw the already-disorganised Russia into even greater disarray, preventing supplies from getting through to the hungry workers and wrecking the economy even further. The Russians called her a spy and accused her of conducting an affair with Rasputin, whom they loathed. They could not fathom why an uncouth, dirty peasant would find so much favor in the eyes of their monarch. The status of the Royal Family was at an all-time low in the eyes of the people, and everyone began to talk about how they should be disposed of – in every class of society, no less. Further compounding the problem was the fact that the vast majority of the Russian Army was at the front. Unlike the 1905 Revolution, where the Tsar could quickly sign a peace treaty with Japan and get his soldiers’ loyalty with generous payments to crush the revolution, the First World War showed no signs of ending. The army’s morale was incredibly low. With mass desertions almost every day due to the obsolete nature of both Russian millitary tactics and equipment, many soldiers had gone back to the cities of Petrograd and Moscow to live with their families. This meant that when the tide of public sentiment finally broke out against the Tsar in another revolution, these soldiers turned in support of the revolutionary cause. Because of the poverty and chaos caused to civilians by the war, the loss of millitary support and disasterous handling of the army, and finally the Tsar’s own mistakes, the Romanov Dynasty was at an end. That being said, there were other factors that stemmed from before the Great War. After the 1905 Revolution, the Tsar had promised to make his rule more constitutional. These token promises were shown in the October Manifesto, his abolition of redemption payments and the creation of the Duma, an elected parliament who in theory would help him run the empire. However, these were merely halfhearted, hollow words. The Tsar practically ignored the Duma, dashing the hopes of the middle class and destroying their trust in him. In addition, he released the 1906 Fundamental Laws, which shrewdly reestablished his sovereign authority by stating that everything in the October Manifesto was permissible – but only in the limits of the law, which naturally the Tsar still controlled. Additionally, the Tsar had his new Chief Minister Stolypin carry out land reforms. He allowed the more capable peasants to accumulate the holdings of their neighbours, creating a prosperous class of ‘kulaks’ or wealthy peasants. It was hoped that this would both stabilise food prices and create a ‘barrier to revolution’, a lower-middle class that would be loyal to the Tsar and unwilling to upset the favorable status quo. It mostly worked. However, what Stolypin had overlooked was the fact that many peasants would be displaced by this new mini-elite. Evicted from their homes and encouraged by the government to settle on the Trans-Siberian Railway, they traveled many miles in cramped and cold conditions only to find that all the prime land had already been bought up by wealthy capitalists. Feeling cheated and betrayed by their Tsar, these peasants drifted into the city and found meager work in the factories. When the time came for a second revolution, they were ready. Stolypin himself was assassinated in 1911, leaving Russia a disorganised mess. No other statesman of his caliber would ever step up again in the Tsarist regime. The First World War was a major cause of the 1917 Revolution, but not the sole one. Rather, it was a climax that focused and pushed all previous elements over the edge.

Africville by Maxine Tynes Essay

Examples of personification include â€Å"We are Africville† and â€Å"I am Africville†. This is personification because they cannot really be â€Å"Africville†; this is because Africville is not a person, or an adjective usually appropriate to be paired with humans. However in this case the author does it quite well. For example comparing â€Å"I am tired† to â€Å"I am Africville† one can quickly tell that this is a personification on Africville, in the sense of making Africville an adjective describing who they/she are/is respectively. To be Africville, in this case would be someone conveying their sense of pride and attachment to their beloved former town, to carry with them the unforgettable, unforgivable past that was eviction of their town. An example of a metaphor would be: â€Å"No house is Africville. No road, no tree, no well. Africville is man/women/child in the street and heart of Black Halifax, the Prestons, Toronto.† No house, no tree, or no well can be Africville because there are these things everywhere. The trees aren’t what makes Africville special, it is the people in it and their stories and history. The section goes further to explain how even post-dispossession the people of Africville are still together in black Halifax and Toronto. This implies that this town was so unified that even widespread eviction cannot break their bonds. However, the concrete metaphor in this passage is â€Å"Africville is man/women/child† because this is an unlike comparison without using like or as. These literary devices (personification and metaphor) create a pseudo-atmosphere where readers cannot take anything literally. However, I overlooked the pseudo-atmosphere because of the great depth it adds to the poem. The recurring personifications and metaphors also show point of view quite easily, as seen here: â€Å"We are Africville† and â€Å"I am Africville†. This is clearly stating who the speaker is. In an addition to the atmosphere and point of view the literary devices show, they also sharpen the overall message of the poem which I believe to be that the people of Africville are literally detached from each other’s lives they all share the same story and are therefore still connected. I think that Africville was a town in which Maxine Tynes (the author) was born in, during the year of 1949. It was settled by Black Loyalists and was in Nova Scotia, Canada. It was a very connected town, as seen here: â€Å"so black with community† â€Å"with life† â€Å"with pride† â€Å"with memories†. However, everyone in this town was evicted, as seen here: â€Å"we are the dispossessed Black of the Land† â€Å"creeping with pain away from our home†.

Electra Complex essays

Electra Complex essays The Electra Complex refers to a girl's desire for her father and dislike for her mother. This Electra Complex actually derived from the male version of it, which is called the Oedipus Complex. The Oedipus Complex was first described by Sigmund Freud, whose theory suggested that a boy goes through a phallic stage between the ages of three and five. While going through this stage the boy feels sexual desire for his mother, sees the father as competition for this desire and so rejects or dislikes the father. At the same time though, the boy knows that he needs his father. This creates the conflict which the boy must resolve. This is generally resolved by the boy identifying with his father. In Freud's theory, this process leads to the child developing their gender identity. The Electra Complex was later added to the theory by Carl Jung, with the Electra Complex describing the female version of the same process. This refers to a girl feeling desire for her father and rejecting her mother, while also knowing that the needs her mother. This creates the conflict, which the girl resolves by identifying with her mother. The end result is that the girl comes to view herself as being female and develops Before continuing any further, it is worth noting that both Jung and Freud considered these processes to be subconscious ones. The girl's desire for her father is not a conscious desire, instead it is an unconscious one, as is the end result of developing her gender identity. While the process is considered unconscious, like many people, Jung had trouble accepting Freud's strong focus on sexuality and desire. This led Jung to eventually reject Freud's view of the Electra Complex. Jung noted that relationships for both boys and girls were not as straightforward as Freud suggested. Instead, Jung noted that some boys rejected their mothers and felt closer to thei...

Describe and analyze Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Describe and analyze - Essay Example The closest competitors of Starbucks are the other coffee shops in US, doughnut shops, and restaurants (Tata Global Beverages â€Å"Tata Starbucks readies for Indian market entry by end of October†). Starbucks is planning to expand aggressively, by adding 3500 stores round the world. It has also planned to increase the number of shops in US to 20,000 and then eventually 40,000. (Starbucks Newsroom â€Å"Tata Starbucks Limited Readies for India Market Entry by End of October†). Starbucks planned its roadmap to venture in India with Tata Global Beverages, though according to the present legal framework of the country, Starbucks could have entered India without any partner, yet the company is planning to enter into a 50-50 joint venture with TATA Group. As far as marketing strategies of Starbucks are concerned for India, the strategies that they have formulated for the US target market would not assist them to be successful in India because India is a culturally rich count ry and the people belonging to any class have strong attachment to the culture. In India coffee is preferred, but tea is preferred more than coffee. Moreover, the food offered in Starbucks in USA is completely different from the taste and preferences of Indian consumers (Knowledge Wharton Today â€Å"Starbucks Comes to India, Selling Coffee and Atmosphere†). ... Starbucks is also well-known for its high quality coffee bean, so the Indian customers would expect to receive similar high quality and tasty coffee and tea from Starbucks, but the other menus such as snacks or meals which is also sold in Starbucks stores have to be absolutely Indian or balanced combination of Indo-American dishes, as the Indian customers have varied taste and preferences and they welcome different food items and menus from different countries too (Ahmed â€Å"Starbucks Delays India Entry†). Starbucks’ step to choose TATA for entering India is a very intelligent decision because TATA as a brand has high goodwill in India. TATA is denoted as another name for India values, relationship and high quality product. Apart from this, TATA also has the experience of understanding the Indian customers better than any other company. So it can be said that two strategies would assist Starbucks to successfully enter and set business India; firstly the joint venture with Tata Group, and secondly the marketing strategies which would include understanding the Indian culture, their values, taste and preferences, and then design the menu and the ambience or culture of the coffee shop accordingly. Answer 2 First Solar Inc. is an American company which manufactures photovoltaic films or modules which is popularly known as solar panels. It is one of the largest manufacturers of solar power modules which are used to convert the sunlight into electricity. The customers of First Solar are the solar project developers, independent producers of power, and system integrators. Initially the company sold its products in Germany, Spain, Italy, France, Italy, but later it expanded its markets to China, India and also in other parts of US. The